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Images more immediately projected the unconscious than words
Patients should take an active role in therapy via art making
Patients should interpret their imagery themselves
1940 – Defines “dynamically oriented art therapy” thereby establishing art therapy as a separate mental health discipline
1941 to 1947 – Meets Nolan D.C. Lewis & initiates a research program at the New York Psychiatric State Institute
Three functions (movement, emotion, thought) are how humans perceive and process the world.
The goal in life is to integrate all three.
Problem students likely have a blocked function, and art may be a way of overcoming this.
1951: The Artist in Each of Us
Scribble method: thought to tap into the child’s unconscious processes
1914 – Establishes the Children’s School (renamed Walden) in NYC
1920 – Became the “Director of Art” at the Counseling Center for Gifted Children of the School of Education at NYU
Friedl Dicker – teacher & artist, “the Grandmother of Art Therapy”
Viola Bernard – a psychoanalyst on the board of the Wiltwyck School for Boys
“Eloquent communication” or the power of art without words
Healing comes from the creative process itself
The production of art indicates if therapy is working or not
Considered the creative factor as the vital aspect of art therapy
Translation of symbols into word is not necessary in order to gain insight
1961: Creates the 1st art therapy journal, Bulletin of Art Therapy (which later changed its name to the American Journal of Art Therapy)
1978: Art Therapy in the United States
1955 – Ulman establishes art therapy at Washington D.C. General Hospital
1969 – Creates controversy for thinking it is early for the profession to have a professional organization
1971 – With psychologist Bernard Levy, she establishes an art therapy Masters program at George Washington University
1910-1980
First Executive Board of the American Art Therapy Association as Research Chair
